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If second and fourth Saturdays and all the Sundays are taken as only holidays for an office, what would be the minimum number of possible working days of any month of any year?

  1. A.23
  2. B.22
  3. C.21
  4. D.20
▶ Answer & Explanation

Correct answer: B. 22

To minimize working days, we need to maximize holidays. A month can have at most 5 Sundays. It can also have 5 Saturdays in some cases. If a month starts on a Saturday, it will have 5 Saturdays and 5 Sundays if it's a 31-day month with the 31st being a Sunday. However, the question specifies that the second and fourth Saturdays are holidays. In a month with 30 or 31 days, there will always be at least 2 Sundays and at most 5 Sundays. There will also be at least 4 Saturdays and at most 5 Saturdays. The maximum number of holidays occurs when there are 5 Sundays and 5 Saturdays in the month. This would yield 10 holidays. Subtracting these from 30 days gives 20 working days. However, considering typical month structures, a month starting on a Sunday would have 5 Sundays. If it also starts on a Saturday, it would have 5 Saturdays too. The second Saturday would be the 9th, and the fourth would be the 23rd. The Sundays would be 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th. This means 5 Sundays and 2 holidays (9th, 23rd) from Saturdays, totaling 7 holidays. This scenario is not ideal for minimum working days. The minimum working days are achieved when there are the maximum number of *designated* holidays. A month can have 4 Sundays and 4 Saturdays, or 5 Sundays and 4 Saturdays, or 4 Sundays and 5 Saturdays. The structure that minimizes working days is when there are 5 Sundays (5 holidays) and the 2nd and 4th Saturdays fall within the month, and we aim for the maximum possible Saturdays that are holidays. If a month has 30 days and starts on a Saturday, the Saturdays are 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th. Sundays are 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th. This gives 5 Sundays and 5 Saturdays. Holidays are Sundays (5) + 2nd Sat (8th) + 4th Sat (22nd) = 7 holidays. Working days = 30 - 7 = 23. If a month has 30 days and starts on a Sunday, Sundays are 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th (5 Sundays). Saturdays are 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th (4 Saturdays). Holidays are Sundays (5) + 2nd Sat (14th) + 4th Sat (28th) = 7 holidays. Working days = 30 - 7 = 23. If a month has 31 days and starts on a Saturday: Saturdays are 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th (5 Saturdays). Sundays are 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th (5 Sundays). Holidays are Sundays (5) + 2nd Sat (8th) + 4th Sat (22nd) = 7 holidays. Working days = 31 - 7 = 24. If a month has 31 days and starts on a Sunday: Sundays are 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th (5 Sundays). Saturdays are 6th, 13th, 20th, 27th (4 Saturdays). Holidays are Sundays (5) + 2nd Sat (13th) + 4th Sat (27th) = 7 holidays. Working days = 31 - 7 = 24. Consider a month with 30 days starting on Friday. Saturdays: 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd, 30th (5 Saturdays). Sundays: 3rd, 10th, 17th, 24th (4 Sundays). Holidays: Sundays (4) + 2nd Sat (9th) + 4th Sat (23rd) = 6 holidays. Working days = 30 - 6 = 24. Consider a month with 28 days (February in a common year). If it starts on a Saturday: Saturdays are 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd (4 Saturdays). Sundays are 2nd, 9th, 16th, 23rd (4 Sundays). Holidays: Sundays (4) + 2nd Sat (8th) + 4th Sat (22nd) = 6 holidays. Working days = 28 - 6 = 22. This scenario provides 22 working days, which is the minimum among these common cases. This relies on the specific configuration of days to maximize holidays for a given month length.

Source: UPSC csat 2017

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