Ecological succession in grasslands is often inhibited by factors that prevent the establishment and growth of woody plants. Fire is a significant factor, as it can clear out young trees and shrubs, favoring the persistence of grasses which are often adapted to recover from or survive fires. Water availability is another crucial limiting factor; many grassland soils may not retain sufficient moisture to support larger trees, especially during dry periods, unlike grasses which have shallower root systems. While insects, fungi, and nutrient limitations can play roles, fire and water stress are considered primary drivers preventing the transition to a forest ecosystem in many grassland environments.