DNA barcoding uses a short genetic marker from a specific part of an organism's DNA to identify it. It is highly effective in distinguishing between closely related species that might be morphologically similar. Furthermore, it can detect the presence of specific animal or plant components, even if they are processed, which is useful for identifying adulterants or allergens in food products. However, DNA barcoding does not determine the age of an organism, as age is typically assessed through methods like radiocarbon dating, growth rings, or skeletal analysis.