With reference to 'Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)' sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon

Question

With reference to 'Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)' sometimes mentioned in the news while forecasting Indian monsoon, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The IOD phenomenon is characterised by a difference in sea surface temperature between tropical Western Indian Ocean and tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. An IOD phenomenon can influence an El Nino's impact on the monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is defined by the sea surface temperature difference between the western and eastern poles of the tropical Indian Ocean, not the Pacific. A positive IOD, characterized by warmer western Indian Ocean waters and cooler eastern waters, can often counteract the drying effect of an El Nino event on the Indian monsoon, leading to better rainfall.