gs1medium

Consider the following statements regarding the Indian monsoon:

  1. 1.The Indian monsoon is primarily driven by the differential heating of land and sea.
  2. 2.The presence of the Himalayas prevents cold winds from Central Asia, strengthening the monsoon system.
  3. 3.The El Niño phenomenon generally leads to stronger monsoon rainfall in India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. A.1 and 2 only
  2. B.2 and 3 only
  3. C.1 only
  4. D.1, 2 and 3
▶ Answer & Explanation

Correct answer: A. 1 and 2 only

Statement 1 is correct as differential heating is the primary driver. Statement 2 is correct as the Himalayas act as a barrier to cold winds. Statement 3 is incorrect; El Niño generally leads to weaker monsoon rainfall in India.

Source: UPSC gs1 2025

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