With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, which of the statements given below are correct?
1

Question

With reference to the scientific progress of ancient India, which of the statements given below are correct?
1. Different kinds of specialised surgical instruments were in common use by 1st century AD.
2. Transplant of internal organs in the human body had begun by the beginning of 3rd century AD.
3. The concept of sine of an angle was known in 5th century AD.
4. The concept of cyclic quadrilateral was known in 7th century AD.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Accepted Answer

Ancient Indian medical texts, particularly those by Sushruta, describe a wide array of specialized surgical instruments and techniques, indicating their common use by the early centuries AD. Mathematical contributions from ancient India include the development of trigonometric concepts. Aryabhata, in the 5th century AD, worked with the sine function (jya-ardha). Later Indian mathematicians also explored geometry, with concepts related to cyclic quadrilaterals being discussed by the 7th century AD. However, the idea of internal organ transplantation by the 3rd century AD is not supported by historical evidence of ancient medical capabilities.