Consider the following:
1. Assessment of the land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality o

Question

Consider the following:
1. Assessment of the land revenue on the basis of nature of the soil and the quality of crops.
2. Use of mobile cannons in warfare.
3. Cultivation of tobacco and red chillies.
Which of the above was/were introduced into India by the English? Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

Accepted Answer

The English East India Company introduced significant administrative and military reforms. However, the assessment of land revenue based on soil and crop quality, while refined by them, had roots in indigenous practices. Mobile cannons were a development in artillery warfare, but their introduction by the English in India is not a definitively established fact for this period. Crucially, tobacco and red chillies were introduced to India by the Portuguese much earlier, not the English.