The Brahmo Samaj, founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, was a significant reform movement that challenged prevailing Hindu orthodoxy. It vehemently opposed idol worship and the complex rituals associated with it. Furthermore, it advocated for direct access to religious scriptures, thus rejecting the necessity of a priestly intermediary for spiritual guidance and interpretation. However, it did not consider the Vedas to be infallible, as it encouraged rational inquiry and the synthesis of different religious ideas.