Gautama Buddha's life and teachings were primarily centered in the northeastern Indian subcontinent. Magadha, with its capital Pataliputra, and Kosala, with its capital Shravasti, were the two most prominent kingdoms where the Buddha spent a significant portion of his life, delivered many sermons, and established the Sangha. Avanti and Gandhara, while important regions, had less direct association with the key events of the Buddha's life and ministry.