A 'Parivrajaka' in ancient Indian context referred to an ascetic or renunciant who wandered from place to place, often engaged in philosophical discourse. An 'Upasaka' was a lay devotee or follower of the Buddha and the Dharma, who supported the monastic community. The term 'Shramana' broadly encompassed ascetics and contemplatives who often sought liberation through practices like meditation and austerity, but it does not inherently denote a priest or necessarily imply a high status within a rigid social hierarchy as much as it represents a class of ascetics distinct from the Brahmanical tradition.