Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy, characterized by bleeding gums and poor wound healing. Vitamin D deficiency in children causes rickets, leading to soft and deformed bones, and in adults, it causes osteomalacia. Night blindness, a condition where vision is impaired in low light, is primarily caused by a deficiency of Vitamin A, not Vitamin E. Vitamin E is an antioxidant and is important for reproductive health.